A few real world examples of using tcptraceroute to trace through
firewalls that traceroute(8) has trouble with.  These are all sites
that pass TCP SYN packets on to hosts sitting on the clean side of the
firewall, and which don't filter ICMP time exceeded messages leaving
their network.  All examples listed below were captured on July 1st.

 -- Michael C. Toren <mct@toren.net>  Sun,  1 Jul 2001 21:25:26 -0400


pages.ebay.com, a classic firewalled webserver:

    [mct@quint ~]$ traceroute -w2 -q1 -f 5 pages.ebay.com
    traceroute to pages.ebay.com (216.32.120.133), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
     5  core2-abov-ds3.b2.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.127.130)  10.390 ms
     6  core1-mae-e-gige-1.mae-e.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.127.101)  14.310 ms
     7  core1-core3-fe-1.mae-e.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.31.28)  9.935 ms
     8  250.ATM3-0.BR3.DCA6.ALTER.NET (137.39.92.25)  14.727 ms
     9  0.so-3-1-0.XL1.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.38.118)  18.766 ms
    10  0.so-7-0-0.XR1.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.38.86)  22.659 ms
    11  0.so-3-0-0.TR1.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.11.97)  15.002 ms
    12  121.at-5-0-0.TR1.SAC1.ALTER.NET (152.63.2.178)  120.593 ms
    13  297.ATM7-0.XR1.SFO4.ALTER.NET (152.63.51.5)  123.571 ms
    14  191.ATM7-0.GW8.SJC2.ALTER.NET (152.63.49.245)  130.606 ms
    15  *
    16  *
    17  *

    [mct@quint ~]$ tcptraceroute -f 5 pages.ebay.com
    Selected device eth0, address 207.8.132.210, port 1056 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to pages.ebay.com (216.32.120.133) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     5  core2-abov-ds3.b2.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.127.130)  10.849 ms
     6  core1-mae-e-gige-1.mae-e.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.127.101)  105.601 ms
     7  core1-core3-fe-1.mae-e.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.31.28)  19.929 ms
     8  250.ATM3-0.BR3.DCA6.ALTER.NET (137.39.92.25)  16.123 ms
     9  0.so-3-1-0.XL1.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.38.118)  14.717 ms
    10  0.so-7-0-0.XR1.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.38.86)  22.183 ms
    11  0.so-3-0-0.TR1.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.11.97)  18.194 ms
    12  121.at-5-0-0.TR1.SAC1.ALTER.NET (152.63.2.178)  101.491 ms
    13  297.ATM7-0.XR1.SFO4.ALTER.NET (152.63.51.5)  110.817 ms
    14  191.ATM7-0.GW8.SJC2.ALTER.NET (152.63.49.245)  113.841 ms
    15  ebay-oc12-gw.customer.alter.net (157.130.209.10)  121.632 ms
    16  10.128.1.42 (10.128.1.42)  109.132 ms
    17  pages.ebay.com (216.32.120.133) [open]  115.378 ms


www.microsoft.com, another classic firewalled webserver:

    [mct@quint ~]$ traceroute -w2 -q1 -f 5 www.microsoft.com
    traceroute: Warning: www.microsoft.com has multiple addresses; using 207.46.197.100
    traceroute to www.microsoft.akadns.net (207.46.197.100), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
     5  baltimore.balt-core.h0-0-45M.netaxs.net (207.106.2.18)  17.560 ms
     6  blt-dc.dc-core.h5-0-45M.netaxs.net (207.106.2.2)  27.769 ms
     7  core1-core3-fe-1.mae-e.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.31.28)  28.802 ms
     8  250.ATM3-0.BR3.DCA6.ALTER.NET (137.39.92.25)  27.934 ms
     9  0.so-3-1-0.XL2.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.38.122)  24.210 ms
    10  0.so-0-0-0.XR2.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.35.117)  35.693 ms
    11  0.so-4-0-0.TR2.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.11.93)  22.170 ms
    12  121.at-1-1-0.TR2.SEA1.ALTER.NET (146.188.140.78)  94.099 ms
    13  0.so-1-0-0.XL2.SEA1.ALTER.NET (152.63.106.237)  101.325 ms
    14  POS7-0.GW4.SEA1.ALTER.NET (146.188.201.53)  91.887 ms
    15  microsoftoc48-gw.customer.alter.net (157.130.184.26)  89.536 ms
    16  *
    17  *
    18  *
    
    [mct@quint ~]$ tcptraceroute -f 5 207.46.197.100
    Selected device eth0, address 207.8.132.210, port 1058 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to 207.46.197.100 on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     5  baltimore.balt-core.h0-0-45M.netaxs.net (207.106.2.18)  9.430 ms
     6  blt-dc.dc-core.h5-0-45M.netaxs.net (207.106.2.2)  17.514 ms
     7  core1-core3-fe-1.mae-e.iad.netaxs.net (207.106.31.28)  23.256 ms
     8  250.ATM3-0.BR3.DCA6.ALTER.NET (137.39.92.25)  30.819 ms
     9  0.so-3-1-0.XL2.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.38.122)  26.605 ms
    10  0.so-0-0-0.XR2.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.35.117)  38.700 ms
    11  0.so-4-0-0.TR2.DCA6.ALTER.NET (152.63.11.93)  31.402 ms
    12  121.at-1-1-0.TR2.SEA1.ALTER.NET (146.188.140.78)  93.992 ms
    13  0.so-1-0-0.XL2.SEA1.ALTER.NET (152.63.106.237)  105.176 ms
    14  POS7-0.GW4.SEA1.ALTER.NET (146.188.201.53)  86.524 ms
    15  microsoftoc48-gw.customer.alter.net (157.130.184.26)  85.916 ms
    16  207.46.129.51 (207.46.129.51)  84.920 ms
    17  microsoft.com (207.46.197.100) [open]  85.344 ms


odc-t.ankara.af.mil, a firewalled mail server:

    [mct@quint ~]$ traceroute -w2 -q1 -f 5 odc-t.ankara.af.mil
    traceroute to odc-t.ankara.af.mil (207.133.163.7), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
     5  nyc-l3.nyc-core.h3-0-45M.netaxs.net (207.106.127.18)  7.277 ms
     6  nyc-pos-l.netaxs.net (207.106.3.133)  11.803 ms
     7  mae-east.dc-core.netaxs.net (207.106.31.29)  18.922 ms
     8  netaxs-core3.iad.above.net (209.249.119.233)  19.200 ms
     9  core1-core3-oc48.iad1.above.net (209.249.203.34)  11.942 ms
    10  sjc2-iad1-oc48.sjc2.above.net (216.200.127.26)  80.741 ms
    11  core5-sjc2-oc48-2.sjc1.above.net (208.184.102.205)  80.829 ms
    12  core2-sjc1-oc3.sjc6.above.net (207.126.96.106)  81.621 ms
    13  fix-west-pilot-fddi2.disa.mil (198.32.136.88)  93.961 ms
    14  137.209.200.207 (137.209.200.207)  99.437 ms
    15  206.38.100.2 (206.38.100.2)  258.541 ms
    16  140.35.16.18 (140.35.16.18)  373.297 ms
    17  198.26.165.18 (198.26.165.18)  373.686 ms
    18  *
    19  *
    20  *
    21  *

    [mct@quint ~]$ tcptraceroute -f 5 odc-t.ankara.af.mil smtp
    Selected device eth0, address 207.8.132.210, port 1150 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to odc-t.ankara.af.mil (207.133.163.7) on TCP port 25 (smtp), 30 hops max
     5  nyc-l3.nyc-core.h3-0-45M.netaxs.net (207.106.127.18)  9.456 ms
     6  nyc-pos-l.netaxs.net (207.106.3.133)  11.762 ms
     7  mae-east.dc-core.netaxs.net (207.106.31.29)  11.958 ms
     8  netaxs-core3.iad.above.net (209.249.119.233)  11.791 ms
     9  core1-core3-oc48.iad1.above.net (209.249.203.34)  12.510 ms
    10  sjc2-iad1-oc48.sjc2.above.net (216.200.127.26)  80.335 ms
    11  core5-sjc2-oc48-2.sjc1.above.net (208.184.102.205)  81.364 ms
    12  core2-sjc1-oc3.sjc6.above.net (207.126.96.106)  83.107 ms
    13  fix-west-pilot-fddi2.disa.mil (198.32.136.88)  76.092 ms
    14  137.209.200.207 (137.209.200.207)  99.776 ms
    15  206.38.100.2 (206.38.100.2)  252.840 ms
    16  140.35.16.18 (140.35.16.18)  370.720 ms
    17  198.26.165.18 (198.26.165.18)  485.771 ms
    18  odctfw.ankara.af.mil (207.133.163.161)  443.782 ms
    19  odc-t.ankara.af.mil (207.133.163.7) [open]  745.611 ms




tcptraceroute-1.3beta1 added support for controlling the SYN and ACK
flags used in outgoing probe packets through the -S and -A command line
arguments.  By utilizing probe packets with the ACK bit set, it is
possible to traceroute to hosts located behind stateless firewalls that
block all inbound TCP connections, but permit those hosts to establish
outbound connections.  Below are two examples of such behavior,
recorded on August 15th, 2001.

 -- Michael C. Toren <mct@toren.net>  Sun, 29 Jun 2003 17:18:41 -0400


Tracing to a host protected by a Linux 2.2 ipchains firewall:

    [mct@quint ~]$ tcptraceroute -f7 -q1 argo.starforce.com
    Selected device eth0, address 207.8.132.210, port 3738 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to argo.starforce.com (216.158.56.82) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     7  voicenet-gw.core-1-hssi-6-0-0-50.oldcity.dca.net (207.103.28.30)  69.252 ms
     8  node-150-eth3-0-local.oldcity.dca.net (207.245.82.150)  16.216 ms
     9  *
    10  *
    11  *

    [mct@quint ~]$ tcptraceroute -f7 -q1 -A argo.starforce.com
    Selected device eth0, address 207.8.132.210, port 3747 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to argo.starforce.com (216.158.56.82) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     7  voicenet-gw.core-1-hssi-6-0-0-50.oldcity.dca.net (207.103.28.30)  11.030 ms
     8  node-150-eth3-0-local.oldcity.dca.net (207.245.82.150)  24.488 ms
     9  argo.starforce.com (216.158.56.82) [closed]  1514.142 ms

Tracing to falkland, a host behind jumpgate, a Cisco router with the
following access-list:

    access-list 100 permit tcp any any established
    access-list 100 deny   ip any any


    [mct@quint ~]$ tcptraceroute -q1 falkland
    Selected device eth0, address 207.8.132.210, port 3771 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to falkland (207.106.130.86) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     1  jumpgate.netisland.net (207.106.130.81) 2.111 ms
     2  *
     3  *
     4  *

    [mct@quint ~]$ tcptraceroute -q1 -A falkland
    Selected device eth0, address 207.8.132.210, port 3773 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to falkland (207.106.130.86) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     1  jumpgate.netisland.net (207.106.130.81) 2.044 ms
     2  falkland.netisland.net (207.106.130.86) [closed]  4.635 ms


Another example of tracing to a host protected by a stateless firewall, which
permits hosts behind it to make outbound TCP connections:

    [mct@ellesmere ~]$ tcptraceroute -q1 -f9 uunet1.fe.weather.com
    Selected device eth0, address 209.163.107.174, port 35833 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to uunet1.fe.weather.com (63.111.66.2) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     9  0.so-3-1-0.XL2.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.0.238)  32.925 ms
    10  0.so-7-0-0.XR2.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.85.194)  32.765 ms
    11  110.at-5-1-0.WR1.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.3.58)  32.941 ms
    12  pos6-0.ur1.atl7.web.wcom.net (157.130.216.50)  32.781 ms
    13  198.5.128.134  32.802 ms
    14  *
    15  *
    16  *
    
    [mct@ellesmere ~]$ tcptraceroute -q1 -f9 -A uunet1.fe.weather.com
    Selected device eth0, address 209.163.107.174, port 35834 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to uunet1.fe.weather.com (63.111.66.2) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     9  0.so-3-1-0.XL2.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.0.238)  32.704 ms
    10  0.so-7-0-0.XR2.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.85.194)  32.665 ms
    11  110.at-5-1-0.WR1.ATL5.ALTER.NET (152.63.3.58)  32.996 ms
    12  pos6-0.ur1.atl7.web.wcom.net (157.130.216.50)  32.779 ms
    13  198.5.128.134  33.122 ms
    14  uunet1.fe.weather.com (63.111.66.2) [closed]  33.399 ms




tcptraceroute-1.5beta6 added the --dnat detection support, to detect
DNAT devices which do not correctly rewrite the IP address of the IP
packets quoted in ICMP time-exceeded messages tcptraceroute solicits,
revealing the destination IP address an outbound probe packet was NATed
to.  Below are examples of using --dnat to determine the IP address our
probe packets are being NATed to, recorded on March 28th, 2006.

 -- Michael C. Toren <mct@toren.net>  Tue, 28 Mar 2006 23:40:54 -0500


    [mct@ellesmere ~]$ tcptraceroute -q1 -f5 --track-port --dnat pages.ebay.com
    Selected device eth0, address 209.163.107.174 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to pages.ebay.com (66.135.192.87) on TCP port 80 (www), 30 hops max
     5  equinix-chaz.coretel.net (209.163.107.121)  5.288 ms
     6  gsr12012.ash.he.net (206.223.137.132)  5.610 ms
     7  pos3-3.gsr12416.pao.he.net (216.218.254.205)  88.611 ms
     8  pao1-br01.net.ebay.com (198.32.176.56)  88.637 ms
     9  10.6.1.133  90.605 ms
    10  ge2-7-snv1-xr01.net.ebay.com (66.135.207.54)  91.667 ms
    11  10.6.1.74  92.471 ms
          Detected DNAT to 10.6.35.86
    12  10.6.105.8  91.187 ms
    13  pages.ebay.com (66.135.192.87) [open]  91.908 ms


    [mct@ellesmere ~]$ tcptraceroute -q1 -f8 --dnat magicpipe.no-ip.com 22
    Selected device eth0, address 209.163.107.174, port 40857 for outgoing packets
    Tracing the path to magicpipe.no-ip.com (69.142.94.59) on TCP port 22 (ssh), 30 hops max
     8  tbr2-cl15.n54ny.ip.att.net (12.122.10.53)  12.965 ms
     9  gar7-p390.n54ny.ip.att.net (12.123.3.85)  79.347 ms
    10  12.118.102.22  12.430 ms
    11  te-8-1-ar01.plainfield.nj.panjde.comcast.net (68.86.211.1)  12.425 ms
    12  po80-ar01.audubon.nj.panjde.comcast.net (68.86.208.2)  14.968 ms
    13  po10-ar01.wallingford.pa.panjde.comcast.net (68.86.208.26)  16.521 ms
    14  po90-ur02.wallingford.pa.panjde.comcast.net (68.86.208.189)  16.356 ms
    15  *
          Detected DNAT to 192.168.1.100
    16  c-69-142-94-59.hsd1.pa.comcast.net (69.142.94.59)  24.674 ms
    17  c-69-142-94-59.hsd1.pa.comcast.net (69.142.94.59) [open]  25.230 ms

        (The timeout on the 15th hop is normal behavior on Comcast's
         network, and is unrelated to tcptraceroute.)

